Harvard Referencing: In-Text Citation Style Guide
Harvard Style
The Harvard Style includes the year of publication for
in-text citations. All of the rules are very similar to the MLA style
highlighted above, so once you understand the basics, you can just adapt it to
the rules outlined in the previous section.
In-text citations are written in the format of surname of
author, year of publication and (only with direct quotes) the page number with
the letter p. in front of it. For example, (Perry 2004: p. 35) for a direct
quote where the page number is needed, or, if a paraphrase, you can simply have
the author’s surname and year of publication: (Perry 2004). There should be no
punctuation between the surname and the year of publication, and a colon
between the year and the page number.
If you already use the author’s surname in the body of your
work just before the paraphrase or quote, then you will only include the year
of publication in brackets: (2004). If you use more than one text from the same author and written in the same year,
you can use letters of the alphabet to distinguish the works, and then clarify
which works each letter refers to in your reference list at the end of your
work, for example: (Perry 2004a) and (Perry 2004b: p. 35). The second reference in this example follows a direct quote,
so the page number is included as well.
If you have two authors
with the same last name, you can include their initials in the in-text
citations: (K. Perry 2007) and (R. Perry 2009). For texts with up to three authors, you can place all of
their names in the brackets, and use the symbol “&” before the last name:
(Harrison, Turner & Viveck 2006). For texts with more than three authors, give the name of the first author (the one
listed first on the title), use the Latin abbreviation “et al.” to show that
some names are omitted. Make sure to include the period after the abbreviation.
For example: (Jameson et al. 1974).
When quoting indirect
sources, in the case where the author you are quoting from is already
quoting from another text, include the surname of the original author as well
as the author you are quoting from in the following format: (Jung, cited in
Marin 2012). In this example, you are quoting from the work of Marin, who is
herself quoting from the original work of Jung.
For electronic
sources or media you should still include the author’s surname and year of
release, for example, (Cameron 1997) for the film Titanic by director James Cameron.
For media or websites with no publication date indicated,
you should use the abbreviation n.d.. For example, (Julies n.d.) or simply
(n.d.) if the author’s name is already in the body of your work. Media or
electronic sources with no author listed, such as certain websites, should
simply include the name of the media, for example (Wikipedia.com 2014) or (“Greensleeves” 1845).